Which scientists directed the Peru expedition as part of the 1730s geodetic missions?

• A. Godin
• B. La Condamine
• C. Bouguerr
• D. Godin, La Condamine, and Bouguer

Answer: (D)

The Peru expedition of the 1730s geodetic missions was a collaborative leadership effort. Three French scientists from the Academy of Sciences—Charles-Marie de La Condamine, Louis Godin, and Pierre Bouguer—directed the venture together. La Condamine organized and led the overall scientific program, guiding the route and methods as the team moved through South America. Godin served as the key astronomer in the field, coordinating precise celestial observations that had to align with the geodetic measurements. Bouguer brought his expertise as a geodesist and instrument specialist, directing the triangulation work and refining the measurement techniques used in the meridian arc. The task required a blend of astronomy, geometry, and rugged field logistics in challenging terrain, so having all three directing the expedition made sense and was essential for the project’s success.